DB 1 Your thoughts Al Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DB 1 Your thoughts Al - Assignment Example They would be in step with the times, bringing brand new ideas, creating innovations and developing companies they would work with. People of generation Y or Millennials are the most connected generation in history with the ability and want to face new challenges, have a strong will to mean something to the world and are ready for the constant development of themselves and the environment they live in. They know what they worth, because of the right skill set; they are aware of how much others are paid for doing the same job. And they know how much they need to live. That is why the question of salary is important to them, it is their best motivator. However, most of Millennials do not negotiate about the salary, preferring to find out all necessary information from the Internet, rather than from the employer. This is one of the sides for improvement, especially of those, who know what they are worth. Millennials pay much attention to the meaningful of the work they perform. They con sider themselves the driving force of many of the processes around them and want to be an important part of something bigger. Together with the positive relationship with co-workers such a driving force is one of the keys to the creation of something new and innovative. Flexibility of hours and the possibility to work in teams, making friends with people at work, creates for Millennials unique opportunities for development and moves them up in their wants. For companies, ensuring Millennials with good salaries, learning opportunities, respectful attitude to their ideas, more responsibilities and balancing of work and life spheres will make people of generation Y work at their best for the benefit of themselves and the company. Mooney, J., 2014. Pay Is Millennials’ Top Job Concern, Survey Says, Society for human resource management, Available from

Routed vs Routing Protocols Essay Example for Free

Routed vs Routing Protocols Essay Routing is the process of choosing paths in a network and deciding the path on which it is supposed to be sent. It is carried out on many communication systems, like phone and Internet. In switch networking, routing provides data forwarding and the transportation of reasonably located packets initial locations toward their final destinations working on the foundation of layer 3 of the OSI Model; usually hardware systems called routers and bridges are used. Normal computers can also carry out routing, but cannot do so because of being an un-dedicated hardware for this purpose, and may undergo failure (Odorn, Rus Donohue, 2009). Routed vs. Routing Protocols: Routing Protocols are the software that permits routers to broadcast and know about routes, deciding on accessibility the path to be followed and following the best routes to a target. The internet codes of collection include Ciscos Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), Routing Information Protocol (RIP and RIP II) and Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). The procedure followed in transferring information in a networking system is known as routing. Inside a network, every user is openly reachable and does not require passing data via default gateway. All the users in network are connected and can converse directly with each other. Routed Protocols only transports data transversely over the networks and nothing more than that. Routed protocols include Internet Protocol, Xerox Network System (XNS), Open Standards Institute networking protocol, Novell IPX, DECnet etc (Odorn, Rus Donohue, 2009). Classful vs. Classless Protocols: Classful routing protocols do not send subnet disguised data through their routing modernization. A classful routing protocol will react in any two ways when getting a route: If the router has a straight connected boundary of the same main network, it will apply the same subnet disguise but if the router does not belong to the identical network, classful subnet pretense will be applied to the to the route. Classful protocols include Routing Information Protocol (RIPv1). Classless protocols send the subnet pretense by means of their updates so; Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSMs) are permitted when classless protocol is in use, it includes Routing Information Protocol (RIPv2) and Ciscos Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP). Distance Vector vs. Link State Protocols: Distance Vector and Link State are expressions used to explain routing protocols used by routers to transfer packets among networks. Distance is the charge of getting to a place, generally based on the number of points the course goes from beginning to end, or the check points present during the whole course while vector from the perspective of routing protocols is the boundary that traffic will be advanced to arrive at the respective target of network at that path; while the path is selected by the routing protocol so the Distance Vector Protocols make use of a process calculation and also a departing network border usually a vector for selecting the finest course to an objective network. Then the protocols like IPX, SPX and IP transmit information via best routes. Link State protocols follow the position and connection kind of every link and construct a planned metric based on these factors, including some positioned by the network superintendent. Link state protocols are familiar with whether a link is up or down and at what speed it should be sent in order to get there on time. As routing protocols decipher how to reach the target we can take link states as being the status of the line on the router. Link State protocols go on the route that has more hops, but at a high speed which is more than the one which takes a less hopping path (Odorn, Rus Donohue, 2009). However the distance vectors are well supported and they include Routing Information Protocol (RIP). Conclusion: It is said that differentiating between Switching and Routing can be difficult, therefore in simple terms it can be elucidated that switching and routing are not the identical things. Switching comprises of transferring packets among devices on the similar network. On the contrary, routing includes the moving of packets between diverse networks. So these networking processes are useful in transferring data packets from one destination point to the other and therefore require better routing protocols and router to do it efficiently and in a better way. References: Odorn, W. , Rus, H. Donohue, D. , (2009), CCIE Routing and Switching Certification Guide, 4th edn, Cisco Press, USA. (Odorn, Rus Donohue, 2009)

Comparing More’s Utopia and Redfield’s The Celestine Prophecy Essay

Comparing More’s Utopia and Redfield’s The Celestine Prophecy  Ã‚   Throughout history many visionaries had glimpsed a world of new human culture, yet no way to create such a world had been achieved. Communism had become a tragedy. Sir Thomas More, author of Utopia, and James Redfield, author of The Celestine Prophecy, share many of the same ideas describing a new way of life. Written in 1516, More’s Utopia speaks about visions of a humanistic way of life. Redfield’s The Celestine Prophecy, written almost five centuries later in 1993, reinforces the ideas of the Renaissance. Can this spiritual common sense become the model of the next century? Utopia achieves great universality by evincing great understanding and sympathy with all men (Surtz, vii). It presents the hope for far better things, sustained by the view that man may shape and mold himself in any chosen form, (viii) thus creating the best earthly state possible. Redfield’s text focuses on nine insights to a spiritual transformation. When all nine insights are understood, an exciting new image of human life, and a positive vision of how we can save this planet, it’s creatures and it’s beauty will be attained (Redfield). According to Redfield, upon reaching the new millennium, human culture will shift as we move toward a completely spiritual culture on earth. In order to understand where we are today, we must take ourselves back to the year 1000 and move through the millennium as we lived through it. Imagine yourself being alive in the year 1000, the Middle Ages. The first thing you must understand is that the reality of this time is being defin ed by the powerful churchmen of the Christian church (22). Because of their position, these men hold great influence over t... ...it sound as though humans are in control. It is up to us to decide whether or not this is true. The process through which accepting teachings and winning salvation is shown throughout both texts. They show the exact process of becoming more spiritual and connected. We have always characterized this connection as something abstract- something an individual must do to avoid something bad happening. Whenever we doubt our own path, or lose sight of the process, we must remember that we are evolving toward, what the process of living is all about (Redfield 243). Reaching Heaven on Earth is why we are here. Now we know how it can be done. Works Cited More, Sir Thomas. Utopia: A New Translation, Backgrounds, Criticism. Ed. and trans. Robert M. Adams. Toronto: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1988. Redfield, James. The Celestine Prophecy. NY: Warner Books Inc., 1993.

Problems Of Modernization In Developing Nations Essays -- essays resea

Problems of Modernization in Developing Nations The economic situation which exists in the developing world today, is the result of the relationship between the modern, and developing nations of the world. Modernized nations benefited from this relationship because it gave them access to natural resources. However, because of this relationship, many developing nations now suffer from severe problems. These nations are attempting to change the situation in which they struggle. A political cartoon I have recently seen illustrated the economic relationship between the industrialized world and the developing world. It shows that the industrial nations, The United States and Europe, are located in the northern hemisphere. On the other hand most of the developing world, Central and South America and Africa, are found in the southern hemisphere. The "well fed", well dressed individual holding the industrialized world indicates that the modernized nations of the world are prosperous, and have a high standard of living. The skinny, poorly dressed individual holding the developing world indicates that the developing nations of the world are not prosperous, and have a lower standard of living than do industrialized nations. Both individuals are supporting each other in such a way that if one is removed, the other will fall. Without resources to use, industry would not be able to maintain its existence. Likewise, without a market for their resources, or the products of indus...

Republic of the Philippines Essay

Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM Introduction Poverty has been a major problem in the Philippines.Unfortunately, the number of Filipinos suffering from the aforementioned social problem is increasing every year.Some have more than enough to eat, are well clothed and healthy, and have a reasonable degree of food security but others may have inadequate food and shelter. Their health is often poor, they may be unemployed and their prospects for a better life are uncertain at best.As one of the developing countries, the Philippines is still suffering from several sociological and economic problems. Incidence of poverty seems unstoppable. Many Filipinos are suffering from extreme poverty and hunger and the worse thing is these vulnerable populations are rapidly increasing in number. (Monterola, 2013) In terms of Education, the government is also facing a very terrible problem. There are many poor families cannot provide for the education of their children. Some families can only afford to eat one meal a day and they can’t even send their children to school. Sometimes the parents encourage their children to work and earn for their living, so that they can have something to eat. But we cannot blame them, because sometimes it is better to have something for supper, than to have something to feed your mind. (Mochique, 2012) Low-income parents are often overwhelmed by diminished self-esteem, depression, and a sense of powerlessness and inability to cope—feelings that may get passed along to their children in the form of insufficient nurturing, negativity, and a general failure to focus on children’s needs. (Jensen,2009) In a study of emotional problems of children of single mothers, (Eamon and Zuehl,2001) found that the stress of poverty increases depression rates among mothers, which results in an increased use of physical punishment. Children themselves are also susceptible to depression: research shows that poverty is a major predictor  of teenage depression Children raised in poverty rarely choose to behave differently, but they are faced daily with overwhelming challenges that affluent children never have to confront, and their brains have adapted to suboptimal conditions in ways that undermine good school performance.(Denny et al., 2004). There are many factors that can affect academic performance. The physical condition of the student has a great deal to do with that person’s ability to do a good job on anything and to understand anything. For example, if the student has poor eyesight, he/she might not be able to read well. If the student has hearing impairment, he/she might not be able to listen and understand instruction. If student has disease, it might impair his/her ability to do the required work. A student’s Socio Economic Status (SES) can affect his/her ability to perform well academi cally. Read more:  Political Issues in the Philippines Student with less money might not be able to purchase school supplies (rulers, paper, pens, computer, books, etc.) that could help them with their work. They might not also visit their doctors and dentist very often and might suffer from undiagnosed illness or dental problems that cause pain or otherwise impair the student’s ability to perform well. To prevent this, the government thinks of some ways to give every Filipino youth the education they deserve, because every youth deserves to have a decent education for them to be the next leaders not only of their generation but of the country as well. We should also take care of their welfare. The proclamation of SB No. 3412 PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM (Four P’s) has been a big help to the youth, as the primary beneficiaries. The program aims to help not only the youth of Metro Manila but also the youth of the whole country. Our government is one of the institutions that guide or motivate us to succeed. They want to prioritize our rights, especially for the children. They want us to achieve the primary education that’s why, public schools were built. But there’s still a high absentee rate of the students because the income of their parents can only provide them food. This program aims to eradicate poverty and hunger, achieve universal primary education, promote gender equality, reduce child morality and improve maternal health through the financial assistance given to the recipients or poor families. It is very helpful in our community because many poor families are in need of better health asnd better education. (Mochique,2012) Statement of the Problem This study aims to determine the Effects of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (Four P’s) to the Academic Performance of Beneficiaries in Antongalon Butuan City. Specifically, it will seek to answer the following questions: 1. What is the Profile of the Beneficiaries in terms of : 1.1 Age; 1.2 Sex; 1.3 Family Size; and 1.4 Parents Monthly Income? 2. What is the Health condition of Beneficiaries in terms of : 2.1 Health practices; 2.2 Nutritional practices; and 2.3 Socio Economic Status? 3. What is the extent of the implementation of four P’s? 4. What is the level of Academic performance of the Beneficiaries in Antongalon Elementary School? 5. Is there a Significant Effect of the Four P’s Program to the Academic Performance of the pupils in relation to the Health and Condition of Beneficiaries? 6. Is there significant relationship between the profile of beneficiaries with the academic performance of the pupils? 7. Is there significant difference before and after they become a four P’s member? Hypothesis On the basis of the problem of the study, the hypothesis below will be formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Ho1: The Four P’s Program has no significant effect to the Academic Performance in relation to the Health and Condition of Beneficiaries Theoretical Framework This study will be anchored on the theory that Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (Four P’s) influences the academic performance of the Beneficiaries. The Constitution, Article 2, Section 9 provides that: The State shall promote a just and dynamic social order that will ensure the prosperity and independence of the nation and free the people from poverty  through policies that provide adequate social services, promote full employment, a rising standard of living, and an improved quality of life for all. According to 2006 Annual Poverty Statistics of the National Statistical Coordination Board, 27.9 Million Filipinos or one-third (l/3) of the entire population are poor. To address this problem the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) together implemented a Conditional Cash Transfer Program known as Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) inspired by the successes of similar programs in Latin American countries such as Bolsa Familia in Brazil, Familias en Accion in Colombia and Oportunidades in Mexico. In Esperanza and Sibagat, Agusan del Sur for example, two of the pilot areas of the 4Ps elementary school enrollment has increased by fifteen percent (15%). Children covered by 4Ps have higher attendance compared to the general population of children in school. There has also been a significant increase in the vaccination rate as well as a decrease in prevalence of malnutrition among children. Given the far reaching effects of this program in empowering the poor to cross over from their lives of poverty to a better future, there is a need to ensure the sustainability of this Program from one administration to another. South Learning on Conditional Cash Transfers workshop held at ADB Headquarters, 16-19 April 2013 that was organized in cooperation with Inter-American Development Bank. The workshop aimed to enhance understanding of policy makers from developing countries in Asia and the Pacific about lessons learned from the use of CCT programs in Latin America and Caribbean. The field visit to Santa Maria and Pandi in Bulacan province (around 40km northeast of Manila) to learn about the program first hand and interact with the beneficiari es and program administrators was enriching. The beneficiaries shared their personal stories on how blessed they felt to be a part of Pantawid Pamilya. Many parents previously were overburdened with worry on raising a family and not earning enough money to support their children. What little parents earned from odd jobs was only sufficient for daily expenses—their children frequently fell ill due to insufficient food and vitamins causing them to miss school. But this all changed for the better under Pantawid Pamilya. (Health Team, 2013) In our study, we will know, if these theories are really true. We will going to identify if the Four P’s implemented by the government is really effective for the improvement of the beneficiaries in Antongalon Elementary School in  terms of, performance, and other educational development of the child. Schematic Diagram Independent Variables Dependent Variables Figure 1.Shows the Schematic Diagram of the Study Significance of the Study : The study aims to determine the effects of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (Four P’s) to the academic performance of beneficiaries. The result of the study will be beneficial to the following: Students. It will give information regarding their academic performance in school. They will be encourage and try their best to maintain their good performance in school as a beneficiaries. Parents. They will be inform if the said program is really helpful in the improvement of the school performance of their child. Government. They will be aware if the said program that they implemented is really effective in terms of education of the beneficiaries or not. And if they will find out that it will not improve the educational development of beneficiaries, they will think another strategies that will improve this program. School Administrators. It will provide data regarding to the academic performance of the beneficiaries. Scope and Delimitations of the Study The Study will be conducted in Antongalon Elementary School. It involves all the beneficiary of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program( Four P’s) as a respondent. The main purpose of this study is to identify the Effect of Four P’s Program to the Academic Performance, and its Significant Effect in relation to the Health Condition of the beneficiaries. This is to give us information if the said program is really effective or there are positive or negative changes to the academic performance of the beneficiaries. Definition of Terms : To understand better the terms to be used in the study, the following terms will defined operationally. Academic Performance. This term refers to describe things that relate to the work done in schools. Family Size. This term refers to describe the number of household members. Health and Condition. This term refers to describe healthy lifestyle of the beneficiaries wether they live in a Healthy environment or not. Nutritional Status. This term refers to describe the state of the Four P’s beneficiaries health in terms of the nutrients in his or her diet. Parent’s Monthly Income. This term refers to describe the average earning of an individual in a month. Socio Economic Status. This term refers to describe the indicator that the beneficiaries are or is not economically disadvantaged based on his or her parents or family income Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies which serve as orientation of the writer to the different concepts, theories, methods, and treatments of the areas explored in the study. Related Literature Poverty remains a big challenge for the Philippines. Income poverty in the Philippines has generally declined since the early 1990s. From 33.1 percent of the population being poor in1991, the share of poor Filipinos was brought down to 24.9 percent in 2003. In recent years, however, there was a reversal in this trend. Latest official poverty estimates show that poverty has increased since 2003. In 2009, the share of the poor population, or those who are unable to meet their basic food and non-food needs, was estimated at 26.5 percent (NSCB, 2011). In addition to income poverty, human development outcomes especially in education and health care lagging. Primary education is still far from universal while maternal mortality and child malnutrition are among the highest in East Asia and Pacific region (NEDA, 2010). This happened despite the historically high record of economic growth in 2000 until 2010, which have raged 4.7 percent annually versus 2.4 percent of the two decades before. T his suggests that, on aggregate, the poor have not  benefited from growth. ( Velarde & Frnandez, 2011) The limited capability of Filipinos to manage shocks slows the pace of reducing poverty. The failure of poverty to decline in 2009 was attributed mainly to the impacts of various crises that affected many Filipinos in 2008 and 2009, which include the food and fuel crises, the global financial crisis, and the disaster brought about by typhoons Ondoy and Pepeng in late 2009.The 2009 national household survey revealed that about 9.4 percent of the population, or about 8 million Filipinos, are living just above the poverty line and are at risk of falling into poverty when income shocks like these arise.2 The poor faces greater risks as they have limited means to cope. Surveys show that the poor were indeed disproportionately affected by recent shocks.3 In particular, it was found that the El Nià ±o in early 2010affected 58 percent of the poorest households, half of whom depend on agriculture as their family’s main source of income. The 2008 food crisis was also estimated to have increased the income shortfall of the poor from the poverty line by 1.3 percentage points, mainly because the poor are net consumers of rice (World Bank, 2008). Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4 P’s) is the Philippine conditional cash transfer program that aims to improve quality of life of the less fortunate family/families and end the cycle of poverty by investing a human capital. It is a program that leads by the DSWD Agency (Department of Social Welfare and Development) together with the DepED (Department of Education) and also DOH (Department of Health). This is a partnership between the two government agencies that aims to concoct jobs for people who are the beneficiaries of Aquino’s Administration (Vecina 2013). The Pantawid Pamilya was launched in February 2008 with the first 330,000household beneficiaries (Set 1) and then scaled up in 2009 to cover another 320,000 households (Set 2). By April2011,theprogram has grown to about 1.9 million household beneficiaries and is slated for further expansion by the end of 2011 and 2012. To become eligible for the Pantawid Pamilya, a household needs to satisfy a uniform set of criteria, which include (i) residing in program areas of the Pantawid Pamilya, (ii) being identified as poor based on a proxy means test (PMT), and (iii) having a pregnant woman or having at least one child below 15 years old at the timeof enrolment into the program ( Velarde & Fernandez, 2011). Since 2007, the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) of the Philippines is the conditional cash  transfer program implemented by the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), along with cooperative partner institutions such as the Department of Education, Department of Health, Department of the Interior and Local Government, and various other government institutions. The 4Ps was patterned after the conditional cash transfer programs in Latin Am erican and African countries which have been proven successful as a poverty reduction and social development measure (DSWD, 2011). The Four P’s program serves as the government’s answers to the pressing issues regarding poverty. Calvo (2011) defines the CCT as programs that provide cash benefits to finance the basic needs and foster investment in human capital to extremely poor households. These benefits are conditioned on certain behaviors, usually related to investments in nutrition, health, and education. The emergence of CCT (4 P’s) programs occurred during the late 1990s, with Mexico’s innovative Progress program emerging as one of the earliest schemes in 1997. The evidences highlighting the effectiveness of Progress motivated a rise in similar programs across Latin America. Throughout the late 1990s and into the early part of the new century, CCT programs were implemented in Honduras, Brazil and Nicaragua. CCT (Conditional Cash Transfer or 4 P’s) programs are presently being implemented in several Latin American countries including Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Jamaica, Mexico , and several more. Indonesia and Pakistan are only some of the Asian countries which employ the CCT programs as a major tool of their social policy. In general, these programs provide money and financial assistance to poor families under the condition that those transfers are used as an investment on their children’s’ human capital, such as regular school attendance and basic preventive health care. The main mission of most CCT programs is to prevent inter-generational transference of poverty, that is to say, investing in young children and providing them with the provisions necessary for better opportunities in the future. Being a conditional cash transfer program, beneficiaries receive grants when they comply with program conditions. The Pantawid Pamilya provides two types of grants – a health grant of Php500 ($125) per household per month for 12 months and an education grant of Php300 ($7) per 6-14 year old child attending school (for a maximum of 3 children in this age range)fo r 10 months of the school year.6 Health conditions apply to pregnant mothers and  children aged 0-5, while education conditions apply to children aged 6-14. A beneficiary household can receive a maximum health grant of Php6,000 ($143) and a maximum education grant of Php3,000 ($72) per child if it complies with the health and education conditional ties of the program100 percent throughout the year. Actual grants received by beneficiaries depend on their compliance to health and education conditions, which is regularly monitored through the Pantawid Pamilya’s Compliance Verification System (CVS). Based on the latest CVS reports, children’s attendance to school and visits to health centers have been improving in 2010. In the last quarter of 2010, close to 80percent of children registered to receive the Pantawid Pamilya education grant complied with the program conditions, that is, they were present in school at least 85 percent of the time during that period. Compliance of children registered to receive the health grant improved as well especially among Set 2 beneficiaries, although at a slower pace than education. The increase in compliance rates especially in early 2010 also reflects efforts made in updating beneficiary information. This ensured that schools and health centers where children go are correctly recorded in the system so that compliance is monitored properly and grants are paid accordingly ( Velarde & Frnandez, 2011). DSWD claims that the initial implementation of 4Ps has had remarkable results such as the prevention of stunting or where the height of a child is less than ideal for one’s age due to poor nutrition. Another is that more women gave birth in hospitals and thus lessening the risks of maternal mortality and health complications for the new-born. DSWD’s assessment, however, remains preliminary. (Somera, 2010) The underlying concept of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4 P’s)s, is: once individuals are healthy, better fed, and educated, they will be able to overcome poverty in the long run (Valencia, 2009). Related Studies A study of (Mella.et.al,) stated that The 4Ps intend to provide the basis for this much needed equality by providing the poor people with the education that they could not access otherwise. Malnutrition, which is prevalent among extremely poor families, is also expected to decrease. Since it is a prime requirement for beneficiaries to avail of the health services being offered in their health  centers such as pre- and post-natal services, vaccination, and periodical check-ups before acquiring their money grants, the health and nutrition of the poor families are safeguarded. Philippines Conditional Cash Transfer Program Impact Evaluation 2012 by (Chaudhury ,Friedman & Junko Onishi) found that Pantawid Pamilya is meeting the objective of keeping children healthy, as evidenced by a reduction in severe stunting17 among poor children 6-36 months of age, which is expected to have long-term benefits. Notably, impact evaluations of CCT programs around the world have not proven to reduce stunting at such early stages of program implementation, but Pantawid Pamilya appears to be an exception. The (First wave of the Impact Evaluation Survey, conducted in 2011) found out that enrolment in preschool and daycare was 70.3 percent among children three to five years old in Pantawid Pamilya barangays. This was 10.3 percentage points higher compared to children in non-Pantawid Pamilya barangays which only resulted to 65.0 percent enrolment. This pattern was also seen in the elementary school level wherein enrolment was higher by 4.5 percentage points among children six to 11 years old in Pantawid Pamilya Barangays than the non-program group baseline rate of 93 percent. These results were also consistent with higher school enrolment. (Carbayas, 2012) also stated that, the DSWD stressed that the 4Ps is a stimulus package for the poor intended as social investment rather than plain cash assistance, i.e. dole-out. Cash assistance is given to qualified families provided that the family complies primarily with the conditions set for health and education. Therefore, the 4Ps is not seen as the sole solution to poverty reduction, but the program should be seen on its ability to bring back poor children to get better education and a healthy life to gain dignity and prepare them for their future. (Mella,Osido & Suing) conclude that the 4Ps is a good example of strengthening the government’s capability of distributing the country’s resources to those who are extremely in need. It is undeniable that there are many poor households that will benefit from the said program, and that the program covers the basic needs. Likewise, the government’s effort in making the country’s educational and health services system inclusive is a huge step towards social mobility and equality. This studies and theories will help us to provide an idea  about our study. It will give us more information on how Four P’s affect the development of beneficiaries in terms of education. It will serve as our guide and basis of our study. Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter includes the research methodology, the research locale & the population of the respondents of the study, the research instruments, data gathering, scoring and quantification of data and statistical treatment. Research Design The descriptive research method through the questionnaire as the data gathering instrument will be utilized in order to seek answers to the problems being imposed in the study. It is descriptive, because it will seek to determine the effect of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino (Four P’s) program to the academic performance of beneficiaries in Antongalon Elementary School, Antongalon Butuan City . Research Locale The study will be conducted at Antongalon Elementary School during the School Year 2014-2015. This school is located in the small barangay of Antongalon, Butuan City. This school is 1.5 kilometers from the barangay of Ampayon, and can be reached through a jeepney ride from Butuan City. The Population and Respondents of the Study The population of the study is composed of the selected pupils who are four P’s beneficiaries in all grade levels of Antongalon Elementary School. There are 73 beneficiaries overall. Since there are only few pupils, a universal sampling was used in the study. Sampling Design This study will use the purposive sampling design in which the researchers selected the respondents who will still engage and current participants to the program. Research Instruments A survey questionnaire will be used to gather the data on the profile in terms of age, sex, family size, and parent’s monthly income of the beneficiaries. This questionnaire has two types, the first type is the respondents profile and the second type is for their perception when they become a Four P’s beneficiary. The child questionnaire will be classified according to its trend of indication The researchers will sent a letter to the principal of Antongalon Elementary School requesting permission for the conduct of the study. Once the permission will be granted, the administration of the questionnaire will then be set. On the day set data gathering act, the researchers will personally gave an orientation to the pupils about the nature and purpose of the study. Then the questionnaire will be given and retrieved after the alloted time. The data obtained will be tallied, analyzed and interpreted. Scoring and Quantification of the Data For the purpose of interpretation, the data will be quantified using the following scales: Table 2. Scaling of the Students’ Profile Students’ Profile Statistical treatment This study will be use the frequency, percentage, weighted mean, correlation, and t-test statistical tools in analyzing the data gathered from the respondents. The frequency that will be used to determine the profile of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (Four P’s) beneficiaries in terms of age, sex, family size, and parent’s monthly income. The spearman correlation will be used to determine the relationship between the Four P’s program and the Health and condition of beneficiaries with the formula : h( Where : r – is the correlation value x- is the independent variable y- is the dependent variable n- is the number of respondents 1 and 6 – are constant The t- test will be also utilized to determine the acceptance and rejection of hypothesis with formula shown below: Where : t – is the test relationship y- is the correlation 1- constant Observations of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program in the field (Chin,2013)http://blogs.adb.org/blog/observations-pantawid-pamilyang-pilipino-program-field#sthash.qH0LzncW.dpuf) Overall, Pantawid Pamiliya is on track to achieve its objectives of promoting investments in the health and education of children while providing immediate financial support to poor families as highlighted in a recent impact evaluation by Chaudhury et al. (2013) funded by AusAID in coordination with DSWD, World Bank, and ADB. – See more at: http://blogs.adb.org/blog/observations-pantawid-pamilyang-pilipino-program-field#sthash.qH0LzncW.dpuf Retrieved May 06, 2013 Conditional Cash Transfer Program  in the Philippines: Is It Reaching the Extremely Poor?(Reyes&Tabuga)http://dirp4.pids.gov.ph/ris/dps/pidsdps1242.pdf 4Ps is expected to increase utilization of health services among the poor as the  additional cash they receive will help cover costs; and improve nutritional status ofchildren through increased household income and various counselling and monitoringcomponents of the 4Ps. Overview of the Philippines’ Conditional Cash Transfer Program: The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program(PantawidPamilya)(Fernandez&Olfindo,2011) http://wwwwds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/06/11/000426104_20120611115455/Rendered/PDF/694220BRI0P1180of0 Pantawid0Pamiliya.pdf For the education grant,the conditionalities help improve the enrollment and schoolattendance rates of children. Children who attend pre-school orday care centers, primary school, or secondary school are requiredto maintain class attendance rates of at least 85 percent per month. Overview of the Philippines’ Conditional Cash Transfer Program: The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (PantawidPamilya)(Fernandez&Olfindo,2011) http://wwwwds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/06/11/000426104_20120611115455/Rendered/PDF/ 694220BRI0P1180of0Pantawid0Pamiliya.pdf Nearly three years since its launch, the Pantawid Pamilya hasalready shown positive impacts on beneficiary households. Thecash grants increase the household incomes of the poor, while theconditionalities have helped improve the education and healthof their children. Anecdotal evidence shows that net education enrollment rates of children in beneficiary households have risen, andthe number of children who undertake de-worming at schools andavail of vaccines from health centers has also increased. RETRIEVED (May 2011) Education for the Poorest Children through Pantawid Pamilya (Formoso,2011) http://pantawid.dswd.gov.ph/index.php/news/229-education-for-the-poorest-children-through-pantawid-pamilya 1,538,592 children beneficiaries of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program in different parts of the country are expected to commence the School Year 2010-2011 successfully and level up to the next

Biography and Facts About Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon

Biography and Facts About Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon  was the daughter of the Scottish Lord Glamis, who became the 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, Elizabeth was educated at home. She was a descendant of the Scottish King, Robert the Bruce. Brought up to duty, she worked to nurse troops in World War I when her home was used as a hospital for the wounded. Life and Marriage In 1923, Elizabeth married the second son of George V, the shy and stuttering Prince Albert, after turning down his first two proposals. She was the first commoner to legally marry into the royal family in several centuries. Their daughters, Elizabeth and Margaret, were born in 1926 and 1930, respectively. In 1936, Alberts brother, King Edward VIII, abdicated to marry Wallis Simpson, a divorcee, and Albert was crowned King of Great Britain and Ireland as George VI. Elizabeth thus became queen consort and they were crowned May 12, 1937. Neither had expected these roles and while they fulfilled them dutifully, Elizabeth never forgave the Duke and Duchess of Windsor, the titles of Edward and his wife after the abdication and their marriage. When Elizabeth refused to leave England during the London Blitz in World War II, even enduring the bombing of Buckingham Palace, where she was residing with the king, her spirit was an inspiration to many who continued to hold her in high regard until her death. George VI died in 1952, and Elizabeth became known as the Queen Mother, or fondly as the Queen Mum, as their daughter, Elizabeth, became Queen Elizabeth II. Elizabeth as Queen Mother remained in the public eye, making appearances and remaining popular even through the many royal scandals, including her daughter Margarets romance with a divorced commoner, Capt. Peter Townsend, and her grandsons rocky marriages to Princess Diana and Sarah Ferguson. She was especially close to her grandson, Prince Charles, born in 1948. Death In her later years, Elizabeth was plagued with ill health, though she continued to appear in public regularly until a few months before her death. In March of 2002, Elizabeth, the Queen Mum, died in her sleep at age 101, just weeks after her daughter, Princess Margaret, died at age 71. Her familys home, Glamis Castle, is perhaps most famous as the home of Macbeth of Shakespearean fame. Source: The Queen Mother: Chronicle of a Remarkable Life 1900-2000. 2000. Massingbred, Hugh. Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother: Woman of the Century. 1999. Cornforth, John. Queen Elizabeth: The Queen Mother at Clarence House. 1999. De-la-Noy, Michael. The Queen Behind the Throne. 1994. Pimlott, Ben. The Queen: A Biography of Elizabeth II. 1997. Strober, Deborah Hart and Gerald S. Strober. The Monarchy: An Oral Biography of Elizabeth II. 2002. Botham, Noel. Margaret: The Last Real Princess. 2002.

October Sky Essay Example

October Sky Essay Example October Sky Essay October Sky Essay Stephanie October 22nd, 2013 Hour 3 The Perfect Rocket Actress Audrey Hepburn once said l tried always to do better: saw always a little further. I tried to stretch myself. In the movie October Sky, Homer Hickam is a young boy who has dreams outside of his mining town of Coalwood, West Virginia. He stretched his dreams and pushed himself until he launched his rocket to turn everyone into believers. He saw a little further and wanted opportunities outside of Coalwood . Throughout the movie Homer encounters many obstacles from learning how to build rockets, the constant disapproval from his father, and negative remarks rom his school. One of the main conflicts of October Sky is Homer and his friends learning how to build and work rockets. At school, Homer confronts Quentin, the geek of the school. Homer tells him about his idea for rockets. After the conversation, Homer, his two friends, and Quentin begin their adventure. They figured out the basics of rocket building through books and Quentin. Homer and his friend encounter many problems. They have problems with the nozzle and the chemicals. Their first rocket was called the AUC I and, of course, it wasnt a success. They nearly exploded the ines, but their first try wasnt going to be perfect. Neither was the second, or third, or fourth. After all of their failing, they talk to a mine worker about. Leon Bolden, an African American shop worker, offers to order it nozzle to make it a success. The nozzle isnt cheap to order though. The Rocket Boys talk a part of the railroad tracks and sell it for quick money. Homer and his friends encounter many exploding rockets before they can build the perfect one. They test out many chemicals before they figure out 100% alcohol is all they needed for the perfect rocket. Building a perfect rocket would impress any parent but Homers father, John Hickem, is not anywhere near proud. Throughout the movie Homer tries to get his fathers approval. He tells Homer numerous times to stop with the rocket building. He wants him to grow up and be a mine worker. He told Homer he was proud to see him in the mines when Homer had to work there. Homers father seems to care about two things, the mines and Jims football. The mines are Johns pride and Joy. Homer even says that his dad cares more about the mines than his family. Homer nearly set the mines on fire with his first rocket and his dad was furious. He told Homer to stop with the rockets and then threw his first rocket in the trash. Homer still keeps trying though. One night, when Homer comes home he finds thats his rocket equipment is missing. He goes and asks his dad where it is and he responds by saying its where it belongs. Homer then runs outside to retrieve his rocket equipment his dad threw away. When Homer invites his father to see his last rocket launch his father says that he is busy and has things to do. Homer is saddened, but angry. He tells his father Homers father eventually goes to see Homers last rocket launch and launches it imself. By the ending launch everyone in Coalwood supports the Rocket Boys. It wasnt always like that. At the beginning of the movie their school, Big Creek High School, and the principal Mr. Turner was not supportive. He tells their teacher to stop giving the boys false hope. He thinks that the Rocket Boys will never make it out of Coalwood. One day the police arrest Homer because the police claim he started a forest fire with his rocket. Mr. Turner is glad to see him go, not missing him at all. Home comes back and proves to Mr. Turner that he didnt start the forest fire. When Mr. Turner walks into the classroom, he is not pleased to find Homer on school property. Homer then does the calculations to prove he didnt start the forest fire. Mr. Turner Just teases him saying he became a math genius while he was away, but he was never good in math at school. Mr. Turner eventually allows Homer back into the school and he actually seems happy about it. Homer never gave up his dreams. He knew he could do it even if everyone laughed and thought his dream was foolish. The Rocket Boys proved all of them wrong. Their perseverance kept them going through it all.

Bellamy and Spencer

Bellamy and Spencer Introduction The following research paper explains how Bellamy and Spencer differ in the novel ‘Looking Backward from 2000-1887’.This essay also examines the Bellamy’s ideal future and also critically examines as to whether or not people can live in Bellamy’s world.’Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Bellamy and Spencer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Looking Backward from 2000-1887’ is a utopian novel that was published by Edward Bellamy in 1888.Edward Bellamy was a Massachusetts renowned writer. In this novel, a thirty year-old American man by the name of Julian Wess wakes up after falling asleep for one hundred and thirteen years. After waking up, Julian Wess discovers that the society has done away with the class divisions.Also, he, he discovers that the same salary is given to workers all over the country and that poverty does not exist in the society. During the time that he was asleep, the United States had developed as a utopia society.Julian Wess is lucky to find Doctor Leete who guides him by showing him around and explaining to him all the recent developments that have taken place in the United States. Doctor Leete explains to him that the retirement age is 45 years and that resources are publicly owned. Edward Bellamy in his book powerfully criticizes capitalist society .The book is famous for its forceful arguments for abolition of the wages. The novel puts much emphasis on society’s freedom of choice with regards to pursuing occupations (Bellamy, 1929, P.3-6). How Bellamy and Spencer differ Both Edward Bellamy and Hilbert Spencer veered differently with regards to addressing the key economic and social issues. The two scholars attempted to address social and economic issues during the late 19th century between the period 1884 and 1899. Edward Bellamy’s idea in his major Utopian work’ Looking Backward,2000-1987â €™ were mainly nationalism i.e. a form of socialism where all the industries are owned by a nation and the economic inequality remains virtually unknown. Decisions concerning allocation of crucial economic resources are determined by the state. All important means of production such as power and land are publicly owned. Since the state owns all the resources, there is no personal income that is derived from ownership of the resources. Bellamy emphasized the adoption of militarization of labor and he believed that, workers should be organized into several industrial armies until they reach the retirement age.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to him, poverty can be eradicated if everyone does his or her industry duty accordingly. Bellamy held the view that workers should not be allowed to manage themselves because they may decide to choose slack pol icies which may cause the production capacity to fall. He was on the view that an economy which is based on mutual cooperation is beneficial as it is centrally planned and lacks any trace of competition (Rodgers, 2008, P.66-68). On the other hand, Hebert Spencer held a different view on how the society should be managed. Herbert Spencer was a sociologist and British Philosopher .Herbert Spencer emphasized on the application of the Darwinian evolutionary theory in the society. Darwinian evolutionary theory was coined by Charles Darwin in the mid 19th century. Charles Darwin held the view that species usually evolve as a result of natural selection and only the fittest species survive. According to this theory, survival for the fittest is a natural rule that must be followed by all the species failure to which they will die. In other words, those species including human beings that outwit others usually outlast and outplay them in order to survive. According to Darwinian evolutionary theory, the strongest in the society reign supreme whereas, the weak dies off. Charles Darwin argued that, for the society to evolve, the strong should continue to reign while on the other hand, the weak should die off. Herbert Spencer played an important role in developing the social Darwin’s theory. In fact, he was the one who coined the phrase ‘survival for the fittest’. He argued that, the freedom of individuals is greater than that of the community. According to him, government has an impact as far as progress of individual’s freedom is concerned. Spencer held the view that a clear distinction should be made between the meaning of the term ‘progress’ and ‘human happiness’. He further argued that ambiguity occurs with reference to these two definitions as progress is implied to mean human happiness for the reason that it enhances human happiness (Rodgers, 2008, P.66-68). Herbert Spencer was also on the view that the economic s ystem should be a leissez faire one i.e. one where the decision concerning the allocation of resources is made by the individuals based on price mechanism. According to Spencer, individuals should have the right to acquire and dispose off natural resources as they wish without any restrictions whatsoever. Spencer was on the view that individuals should also have freedom of choice and enterprise i.e. they should be free to purchase or hire the economic resources, organize the economic resources for production and lease or sell them in the market of their choice. The owners of resources should be free to use them as they wish.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Bellamy and Spencer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consumers on the other hand should be free to spend their earnings as they wish. According to him, firms should aim at maximizing their profits while the owners of land should aim at maximizing their re nt. Employees should aim at shifting to those occupations which are associated with higher rewards and the consumers should be willing to purchase those goods and services which maximizes their satisfaction (Spencer, 2010, P.285). Herbert Spencer also emphasized on the competition model which is characterized by a large number of buyers and sellers with each buyer and seller accounting for an insignificant share of business. According to Spencer, prices of goods and services should be based on the decisions of the producers and consumers. Government intervention should not exist as far as price control is concerned (Rodgers, 2008, P.66-68). A brief conversation between Bellamy and Spencer Bellamy told Spencer that the main reason why women in modern society are more efficient and happy like men is due to the fact that, each person is provided with an occupation which he or she is well adapted to. According to Bellamy ,both men and women should be treated equally (Bellamy,1929,P.3-6) .Spencer on his part argued that, women plays a greater role in the society and they should be more appreciated as compared to their male counterparts(Rodgers, 2008, P.66-68). Bellamy’s ideal future The book ‘Looking Backward: 2000-1887’ was aimed at stirring thoughts of future. Edward Bellamy gave a forecast of what he believed the 20 the century would be. Edward Bellamy was on the view that society will eventually solve its own problems and thus develop to a perfection state. He believed that the new society will deal with all the vices ranging from crime to loafing. Edward Bellamy believed that criminals and loafers compromised law and order in the society. Criminals according to him are not responsible persons in the society as they prefer to lead a live that is characterized by lawlessness and violence. According to him, the former society was based on injustice and lacked moral authority of dealing with criminals and violent classes in the society. Society did not play its rightful role of judging the irresponsible beings. He argued that the future society has the responsibility of finding the criminal class and change them to become responsible beings. He further argued that the role of the government should not be limited to maintaining peace and defending its citizens against aggression by enemies but rather, the government functions should be extended to protecting its citizens against hunger, nakedness and cold. Public enemies do not necessarily mean state enemies but rather those aspects that subjects people to deplorable living conditions.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The government should aim at meeting both physical and mental needs of its citizens. Society should act to punish corrupt individuals. The wealth machinery of the country should not be entrusted to only a few people such as the political class. With this regards, Bellamy held the view that there should be no politicians or political parties (Karier, 1986, P.101). Bellamy believed that it is important for human nature to change. In order for people to lead productive and meaningful lives in future, they should aim at changing their current motives of action. He argued that former society was characterized by government officials who misused their powers for their own reasons. His ideal future society should be constituted in such a way that it is impossible for an official to make any private profit or misuse power. His ideal society should not provide a state official with an opportunity to engage in corrupt activities .The social system should not offer premiums because of dishones ty (Bellamy, 1929, P.34-41). His ideal future is one the one which is egalitarian. Edward Bellamy in his novel ‘Looking Backward, 2000-1887’ prophesized that one day, the society would change into an orderly one that is free from violent strikes, severe economic recession and corruption in government and in business. Bellamy emphasized that people should struggle for a better society which is founded on radical egalitarianism. He was optimistic that a massive transformation will take place in future following the emergence of industrial forces in United States. He argued that democracy cannot exist in a society where there is massive economic and political inequality. He further argued that a healthy society is one where production is aimed for use and not for profit and work is redefined in such a manner that it each person performs those tasks which he or she is capable of accomplishing (Lipow, 1982, P.24). Bellamy advocated for subordination of women. Edward Bellamyà ¢â‚¬â„¢s ideal; future was a perfect world where people coexists in an orderly and harmonious manner. According to him, women should be totally liberated and they should be accorded equal treatment with men. Bellamy noted that women have been severely undermined over the last decades of his own time. Women’s movements were not highly regarded in the society due to lack of thoroughgoing commitment with regards to economic equality. Bellamy hoped that gender equality will prevail in the society. In order for gender equality to be enhanced in the society, Bellamy noted that the society should move shift from being economic dependence to economic independence (Bedford, 1966, P.14). Edward Bellamy held the view that in future, productivity should be high. He hoped that the future of leisure will look bright. According to him, increased production in the future would be enhanced by the widespread use of automation. He was on the opinion that leisure should be abundant in future. Fo r leisure to be abundant in future, Bellamy held the view that the number work week should be reduced (Atkinson, 2004, P.303). Edward Bellamy hoped to live in a society which is comprised of an industrial army. Bellamy’s hoped that the society should be based on a bureaucratic model. He was on the view that, power should be concentrated at the top. According to him, the officers who serve in the industrial army should also be the state’s officials. The military should be able to impose discipline over the tanks and this will ensure that tasks are accomplished in an efficient manner without conflicts and disorders. With regards to the industrial army, impersonal and unselfish goals would be discovered by the masses for which they would strive willingly (Bellamy, 1929, P.126). According to Bellamy, an ideal world is the one in which the educational system provides everyone to attain his or her educational goals. Bellamy was on the view that everyone should receive educat ion to the highest degree. He argued that by educating only a few people, a wide gap is created between the educated and the uneducated. Education according to him is vital as it enables people to communicate with one another. Education also plays an important role in eliminating brutishness (Patai, 1988, P.69). Edward Bellamy hoped to live in a world where there is no private commerce. According to him, individuals will not have the right to own property and dispose off natural resources as they wish. This implies that people will not have the right to income generated from the resources i.e. interest, rent and profit. Bellamy believed that the use of money as a medium of exchange should be abolished. According to him, commerce can be carried on without money. Trading whether domestic or international does not require the use of money. He argued that, when foreign trade was carried out by private enterprises, money was important as it helped in adjusting the complexities of transac tion but the future commerce will be carried out by nations as units. Bellamy argued that books of accounts will serve effectively to regulate the dealings of merchants across the globe. He further argued that custom duties are unnecessary .This is because a nation only imports those commodities which are requisites .The bureau of foreign exchange in each country plays an important role of managing it trading(Bellamy,1929,P.34-41). Bellamy wished to live in a society where the government runs everything .According to him, the state should not only own all the resources but also regulate and control strategic resources. The government should intervene in the economy in order to create a framework of rules and regulations. According to him, the creation and enforcement of rules and regulations is only possible by having a society that is hierarchically organized. The government is vested with the role of promoting the general welfare of its citizens. According to Bellamy, the governme nt should ensure that there is equitable distribution of wealth (Bellamy, 1929, P.34-41). Bellamy wished that in future, labor interest should not be present as it is a major challenge. According to him, the government should assume the responsibilities of capital in order to solve labor related issues. The government by virtue of being a sole employer will ensure that all its citizens are provided with tasks which they perform enthusiastically and efficiently. The future government should take into consideration the industry’s needs before distributing its employees. According to him, the principle of universal military service should be adopted in addressing the labor issues. He was on the view that, every individual will be obliged to contribute his or her military services to protect the state once the society changes into a sole capitalist. Each citizen will thus contribute a substantial proportion of his or her intellectual services towards the maintenance of the countr y. This is achievable only when the sate becomes the sole employer of its citizens .Indeed, there can be no labor organization in a situation where the employing power is divided among many individuals and corporations (Bellamy, 1929, P.34-41). Bellamy’s ideal future is one where service is not compulsory upon all the individuals but rather a natural and reasonable aspect. According to him, the society should move from a situation where service is compulsory as this is a weak way of stating its absolute inevitableness. The entire social order should not be based on compulsory service for survival because, if a man has no means to provide for his or her existence, then he or she may decide to exclude him or herself from the world by committing suicide (Bellamy, 1929, P.34-41). Bellamy also held the view that the number of volunteers in any kind of trade should be exactly the same number that is required in that trade .In other words, the supply of volunteers should always meet the demand. Businesses have the role of ensuring that the supply of volunteers in any trade equals the demand. Volunteering rate should be closely monitored and if the number of volunteers exceeds the number required, then the trade should be understood to offer greater attraction as compared to others. However, if the volunteers for a given trade fall below the demand, then the trade should be inferred as tough. The administration has the role of ensuring that the attractions of various trades equalizes. This is important as it will ensure that labor conditions are addressed. Bellamy held the view that people should engage in those trades which they have a natural interest in. This is achieved by varying the number of labor hours according to the nature of trade’s arduousness. According to him, a person should not engage himself or herself in those tasks which are harder to be accomplished (Bellamy, 1929, P.34-41). Bellamy was on the view that, one does not necessarily have to stick to a trade or occupation which he or she initially entered. Thus, one may change his or her occupation later in life despite the fact that changing occupation frequently is not encouraged. Every person has the right of volunteering in an industry which he or she deems fit (Bellamy, 1929, P.34-41). Bellamy also held the view that the term of service should not be lengthy or for life. According to him, the term of service should begin late in life and also end earlier .Leete explains to Wess that workshops in former society were filled with young children and old people. Bellamy believes that the term of industrial service should be 24 years and it should begin after one completes his or her education at 21.The term for industrial service should end after one attains forty-five years. According to him, terminating at 45 provides one with an opportunity of remaining liable to special calls in emergency cases (Bellamy, 1929, P.34-41). We are yet to live in Bellamy’s wor ld as most of things that he envisioned are unrealistic and cannot be applicable in modern society. The future is not dependent on what we believe i.e. utopias does not exist. Utopia is in fact dynamic and therefore, a social system should be willing and ready to change in order to survive. The paths that individuals choose to follow plays an important role in determining whether they will live well lives in future or not. However, the increased use of technology has made it possible to assign machines with the role of making decisions. In the modern world, machines are used in virtually all areas. Electronic computers have enhanced accomplishment of complex tasks. In today’s world, people are able to live long and healthy as a result of innovations .The advents in science and technology have made it possible for an individual’s achievements to be based on his or her pursuits and not the amount of wealth and property that he or she acquires. Living in Bellamy’s world The world that Bellamy envisions is the one that will respect the rights of every individual regardless of his or her skin color,age,tribe e.t.c.The world will ensure that love prevails all over the place as people will love for others sake. True love is characterized by lack of envy or selfishness. Everybody would wish to, live in Bellamy’s world where public goods like education are adequately provided to all. His world would play an important role in shifting resources in pursuit of a grand scheme such as rapid industrialization .Also, it would ensure greater equality in income distribution and monopoly would not be encouraged. Everyone would be happy to live in Bellamy’s world that is characterized with beauty and general goodness. This world is however not achievable in modern times due to such reasons as Bellamy’s world would not result to a higher growth rate .there would be no self interest in pursuit of personal goods. In the absence of profit mot ive in production, there is no incentive for hard work and innovations. This will eventually give rise to inefficiencies in terms of low output per worker. Higher rate of economic growth cannot be achieved. This is because of lack of incentives available for hard work and quality of work. Usually, high level of skills and motivated by extra pay or profits. Living in Bellamy’s world will compromise the concept of consumer sovereignty. People will not have power to determine not only what is produced and what quality but also, how resources are allocated. In general, people are more sovereign in a free market economy where commodities are produced in line with their preferences. Also, the lack of competition in Bellamy’s world implies that, efficient allocation of resources between competing users will be undermined. Reference List Atkinson, R. (2004).The past and future of Americas economy: long waves of innovation that power cycles of growth.Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Pu blishing. Bedford, H. (1966).Socialism and the workers in Massachusetts, 1886-1912.Boston: Univ of Massachusetts Press. Bellamy, E. (1929).Looking backward, 2000-1887.New York: Forgotten Books. Patai, D. (1988).Looking backward, 1988-1888: essays on Edward Bellamy.Boston: Univ of Massachusetts Press. Karier, C. (1986).The individual, society, and education: a history of American educational ideas.Chicago: University of Illinois Press. Lipow, A. (1982).Authoritarian socialism in America: Edward Bellamy the nationalist movement. New York: University of California Press. Rodgers, D. (2008).Debugging the link between social theory and social insects.Louisiana: LSU Press. Spencer, H. (2010).The Study of Sociology.London: READ BOOKS.

Methodology chapter in my dissertation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Methodology chapter in my dissertation - Essay Example Interpretivism denotes a research method that lays importance on deductive reasoning and is thus in contrast to positivism. For the deductive reasoning process, the researcher interprets data keeping in mind the context and meaning of the observed phenomenon, and hence is a qualitative process (Carson et al., 2001; Denzin & Lincoln, 2003). Pragmatism denotes an attitude that reflects efficiency and utility (Thayer, 2011). The researcher interprets the data in a manner that serves his purpose best. In this sense, it can be said that pragmatism combines both qualitative and quantitative aspects of data collection and interpretation. Investment decision in the selected chemical companies is to be based on a analysis of the data of each firm at micro-level, in the macro-context of the chemical industry. It entails both quantitative and qualitative analysis. Hence, the Researcher is choosing the pragmatism methodology for this

Reason for Migration of Vietnamase and Chinese to Cabramata Term Paper

Reason for Migration of Vietnamase and Chinese to Cabramata - Term Paper Example The Vietnamese came in large numbers from 1975 after the fall of Saigon when communist forces began to settle down in Cabramatta. Many were fleeing the communist forces that were killing large number of people while many wanted a new life (HSC, 2013). The migrants settled down in the city and while they assimilated with others, the people had their own culture, food and religious habits and many structures were built that present a cultural diversity (Carruthers, 2008). Ethnic residential concentrations display all the basic features related to a territory. They provide a source of identity, they are characterized by substantial degree of exclusiveness and they act to compartmentalize activity spatially (Boal, 1989, p. 50). When ethnic groups migrate, spatial outcomes become important. Ethnic groups can be racial, religious or national in origin and it has its initiation through in-migration. Issues related to homogeneity and social stratification become important. This pattern is seen even in the ethnic Jew regions of Winnipeg, USA (Course Notes 2, p. 56). It is clear that the Vietnamese communities in Sydney do not have a wish to isolate themselves from the wider community by setting up their own inclusive sub-societies or enclaves (Dunn, 1993, p. 234). Positive points of ethnic residential concentration: The world is expanding and many cities of Europe, USA, Asia, New Zealand and Australia have suburbs where people from different ethnic origins settle down. Many positive impacts are observed and these include cross-cultural activities, commercial vibrancy where food and artifacts from different regions are available and these zones become focal points of ethnic-specific institutions. As an example, Cabramatta is considered as a 'slice of Asia' and is now promoted as a tourist spot. Both migrant and Australian White businesses gain from the tourism. Employment opportunities, property prices and taxes for the local municipal corporations grow.

Business Syno (2) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Syno (2) - Essay Example Furthermore, it helped me to understand and evaluate my research and analytical skills. I came through the understanding that it is not easier to write a case study since it requires a thorough understanding of the subject matter (Academic Writing World, 2011). Case studies are generally non-interventive and empathic. Good case studies are often quite reflective (Stake, 1995). While undergoing the case study assignment, I went through several stages in order to get it done. There are different steps that I followed in order to complete the assignment within a stipulated time period. According to Cranfield Business School, there are three stages for learning the case method. They are ‘individual consideration of the case’, ‘discussion in the learning team’ and ‘discussion in the full class’ (Rosier, 1998). While conducting this case study assignment I had gone through various stages. At first, I read the cases in order to gain an overall understa nding of it. After I viewed the questions it became quite difficult for me to get the answers of the questions asked. Therefore, I thought of reading it once again. After reading it twice I got to understand what the questions exactly meant and how they could be answered. Therefore, I learnt that it is essential to read the case study twice in order to get an idea of what the case wants to reveal. My motto was to keep the reader interested in the situation. I decided to arrange for the information, come at the conclusion and reveal the readers adequate information so that they don’t have to work hard. After reading the case study, I decided to search for the related article that has been written before about my case. After having collected maximum information I was perplexed to certain extent since I didn’t know where to fit those answers. In that case I decided to sort out the relevant ones which would be useful to answer my questions. By doing this I could solve the entire question. While conducting the research work I had gone through multifarious theories. However, all theories could not be taken up for the purpose of solving the case study. Only few theories were taken into account (GTTP, 2011). The diagram below shows the stages of the process of case study Question Two I have planned to have a boundary-less career in the near future. Boundary-less career represents work life in modern organisation placing too less emphasis upon the internal boundaries. This type of careers is disconnected from a single employment setting and is segregated from the conventional organisational career arrangements (GreenHaus & Et. Al., 2009). According to my views if anyone has non assets specific skills, then they can pursue boundary-less careers. These types of skills are generally transferable to all the organisations. It is worth mentioning in this regards that the transferable skills are acquired from the colleges and the universities that can be transfe rred in employment. The transferable skills are problem solving, interpersonal skills, teamwork and general communication (Assiter, 1995). Case study analysis has helped me to integrate various transferable skills such as problem solving skills, self management skills, and communication skills and also understanding multi-cultural differences. The study also helped me to properly manage and inculcate my learning’s into application and also to manage various aspects of study module in writing the solution of

Using Recycled PCC as Aggregate in New PCC Research Paper

Using Recycled PCC as Aggregate in New PCC - Research Paper Example However, these recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) have to meet NJDOT’s quality needs in case they are to be used in PCC. Only 11 states permit use of RCA in PCC, while all but 13 states allow the use of it in base aggregate. Some states also permit its use as miscellaneous aggregate and in HMA. Through the crushing / grinding of concrete pavements or any waste concrete, RCA is produced, after the removing any reinforcing steel. In the same way the production of aggregate from virgin materials is, production of required gradations is too- through screening and crushing (PCA 1). However, significant differences between virgin aggregates and RCA have led officials in state transportation in Muchials and New Jersey in adopting RCA as aggregate for PCC acceptably (PCA 1). The presence of mortar adhering to the Recycled aggregates or cement paste reduces density, increases drying shrinkage, and increases porosity in PCC. The presence of contaminants as well as the quality of the being recycles original concrete are all problems that should be taken in concern additionally (PCA 1). The two primary sources for use in PCC, of stockpiled RCA are precaters who are interested in reusing surplus materials and class B recyclers who crush and accept concrete waste. Before RCA is implemen ted, those are the issues that must be addressed. Another important component of the project is the preliminary review that has been provided for the expansion of this work, as a part of this proposal As the proposers believe, an extensive field installation plan is likely to result to open-ended and long research projects, which address the use of Recycled Concrete Aggregates in PCC. Due to this reason, proposals have been made to include field installation as part of part of the work. The field installation be limited to applications of lower risks that permit the recommendations and

Sampson and Laub's Life Course Perspective Theory Essay

Sampson and Laub's Life Course Perspective Theory - Essay Example The Social Control Theories is an umbrella of various theories written and formulated by several researchers and sociologists, one of which is the Life Course Perspective Theory by the tandem of Sampson and Laub (1992). This theory is distinct from other theories within this umbrella not only because it does not subscribe to some of the principles adhered to by the theorists of the Social Control school of thought, but also because of its potential broader utility in the study of criminology. Sampson and Laub’s Life Course Perspective Sampson and Laub (1992) formulated a theory that seeks to remedy the ‘either or focus’ of researchers in explaining the origin of criminal behavior, one that attempts to resolve two opposing research findings by harmonizing them. Calling this theory life course perspective, these two researchers observed that one group of researchers emphasizes youth in crime in a theory called age-crime curve where criminality starts and peaks durin g teen years while the other group believes that criminal behavior persists even in adulthood. The ‘overemphasis’ of these two groups on their respective theories result in the failure of sociologists, as a whole, to link childhood propensity to criminality to adult criminal behavior. Life course perspective, which Sampson and Laub (1992) defined as â€Å"pathways through the age differentiated life span† (p. 65), synchronizes the aforesaid theories by taking a comprehensive view of the criminal behavior from childhood to adulthood particularly noting the various events that incite changes in the course of an individual’s and affects criminal propensity. The life course perspective is a theory under the broad umbrella of social control theory, but differs from all others in the group by advocating, not for a single factor, but for more comprehensive multi-factor underpinnings of criminal behavior (Sacco & Kennedy p. 74). It is underpinned by two elements: trajectories, and; transitions. Trajectories, according to Sampson and Laub (1992), are the general direction that an individual is expected to take on the basis of his overall pattern of behavior while transitions are significant life events that occur in a person’s life that cause changes in the general trajectory of his life. Furthermore, life events, however significant, may or may not cause transitional change, but depends on â€Å"timing, duration, and ordering of major life events and their consequences for later social development† (p. 66). The way a person reacts to a significant life event is underpinned, according to this theory, to his childhood past, but also acknowledges that events in themselves can be a cause for a redirection of life trajectory. Overall, the life course perspective concerns itself with the study of life trajectories, the connection between childhood and adult behavior, the social implication of age, the transmission of social patterns from one generation to another, and the effects of significantly big events such as international catastrophes (Sampson & Laub, p. 66).  

Using Recycled PCC as Aggregate in New PCC Research Paper

Using Recycled PCC as Aggregate in New PCC - Research Paper Example However, these recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) have to meet NJDOT’s quality needs in case they are to be used in PCC. Only 11 states permit use of RCA in PCC, while all but 13 states allow the use of it in base aggregate. Some states also permit its use as miscellaneous aggregate and in HMA. Through the crushing / grinding of concrete pavements or any waste concrete, RCA is produced, after the removing any reinforcing steel. In the same way the production of aggregate from virgin materials is, production of required gradations is too- through screening and crushing (PCA 1). However, significant differences between virgin aggregates and RCA have led officials in state transportation in Muchials and New Jersey in adopting RCA as aggregate for PCC acceptably (PCA 1). The presence of mortar adhering to the Recycled aggregates or cement paste reduces density, increases drying shrinkage, and increases porosity in PCC. The presence of contaminants as well as the quality of the being recycles original concrete are all problems that should be taken in concern additionally (PCA 1). The two primary sources for use in PCC, of stockpiled RCA are precaters who are interested in reusing surplus materials and class B recyclers who crush and accept concrete waste. Before RCA is implemen ted, those are the issues that must be addressed. Another important component of the project is the preliminary review that has been provided for the expansion of this work, as a part of this proposal As the proposers believe, an extensive field installation plan is likely to result to open-ended and long research projects, which address the use of Recycled Concrete Aggregates in PCC. Due to this reason, proposals have been made to include field installation as part of part of the work. The field installation be limited to applications of lower risks that permit the recommendations and

An Instrument - Reliable and Validity Assignment

An Instrument - Reliable and Validity - Assignment Example A measurement may be reliable but need not be valid. Nevertheless, measurement has to be reliable before it can be valid. A tool should be reliable and should be suitable for measuring the intended object. In designing a research project it is absolutely necessary that the measurements are both reliable and valid. If it is not so the tools of measurement are basically useless for measuring what the researcher wanted to measure. 2. Almost daily, we hear about research that seems to contradict earlier findings. One day, for example, a particular food is good for you and the next it is not. What does this reflect about the scientific method What are the advantages and disadvantages of the scientific method It is very true that we find research to support or to conclusively oppose something. For any study that puts forward a recommendation, there is another one that is apparently researched and documented and challenging the conclusions of the first. There is no convergence in the points of view of people. This does not invalidate the scientific method. There could may many possibilities for this divergence. Perhaps a researcher may not have used the valid tools for testing. The tools themselves may not have been reliable. The test conditions may not have been the same in all cases.   It insists on systematic experimentation. Scientists have developed criteria and practices to reduce the individual and social bias on scientific findings. The basic approach is an experiment, observation, and inference. It approaches reality objectively. However, our five senses might even play tricks on us. That is why theories of Ptolemy were later replaced by the theories of Copernicus. Some times more efficient tools to observe reality will be developed which give more data, hitherto unavailable. The use of an electron microscope has unraveled new insights into cell and modern cell biology is entirely different from what it was fifty years ago. 3. Suppose you wish to measure the effect of physical exercise on self-esteem. What type of experimental design would be most appropriate to Describe the types of groups necessary for this design? How would you measure your variables Which threats to internal validity would you need to consider The available evidence indicates that exercise not only benefits by providing a healthier body but also enhancing self-esteem. However, this has to be proved by empirical evidence. Visitors to a fitness center would be the ideal group to test the validity of this thesis.  

The Eureka Stockade Essay Example for Free

The Eureka Stockade Essay Conditions on the gold fields, unfair laws, racism, anti-British attitudes and the miner’s license, played a huge part in causing the Eureka Rebellion to take place. The miners’ eventually grew tired of the unfair laws and living conditions, so they built the Eureka Stockade and gathered firearms, in an attempt to fight for their rights and liberties. During the early morning of December 3rd 1854, the authorities launched an attack on the stockade. The miners’ fought back fervently, but their basic weapons and determination was no match for the military’s vast numbers and fierce weaponry. Even though the revolt itself was a military failure, the miners’ rebellion led to personal and political benefits for many Australians. The Eureka Stockade was a bloody but essential part of Australian history. It played a vital role in the development of democracy and personal identity within Australia. The rebellion was caused by a number of issues within the gold fields. The miners were suffering from a number of injustices. They had no political rights; they were not allowed to vote in elections nor were they entitled to a representative in the Legislative Council, and they were treated unjustly by the blatantly brutal and corrupt government officials. However, their main grievance was the excessive and overpriced gold mining license, which cost thirty shillings each month to renew. Most of the miners’ found it nearly impossible to pay the ridiculously priced mining fee and still meet the cost of living, on the scarce and barely sufficient amount of money they had. The miners’ were required to carry their licenses with them at all times, if they were found without their license they could be fined or imprisoned. The dreaded â€Å"License Hunts† were soon brought in. License Hunts gave police the liberty to check a miner’s license at random. Those found without a license were liable to severe fines and unjust imprisonment and punishment. Most of the police were unsatisfactory, as many of them were ex-convicts and guards; because of this many of the officers were inclined to violence and brutality during a License Hunt. The officers’ brutality and unjust behaviour further infuriated the miners and made the Ballarat Gold-Fields’ police subject to much hatred. Corrupt Officialdom was a heady problem on the gold fields. In one instance, a group of men beat a drunken Scottish digger to death, the group included local publican James Bentley. James was a friend of the local magistrate; because of this he and the other three men escaped persecution. The miners were appalled. A group of three miners went to Bentley’s hotel and burnt it to the ground in defiance. It was not too soon after that the men were charged with arson. On the 11th of November 1854, ten thousand miners met to demand the release of the three men, the right for all males to vote and the abolition of the miners license; this meeting led to the formation of the Ballarat Reform League. Several of the Reform League leaders had also been involved with the Chartist movement in England. On the 29th of November of that same year, twelve thousand people at Bakery Hill watched as the Southern Cross flag, otherwise known as the Eureka Flag, was unveiled for the first time. The flag became the symbol of their struggle; the miners burned their licenses and fired shots into the air under the flag in an act of triumph and defiance. The next day, under the governance of an Irishman, Peter Lalor, a smaller but determined group swore the oath under the Eureka flag. â€Å"We swear by the Southern Cross to stand truly by each other and fight to defend our rights and liberties† – The Miners Oath The small group of miners, marched to the Eureka Lead and forged wooden barricades, to form what is now famously known as the Eureka Stockade. The uthorities, despising the miners’ rebellion, called in reinforcements from Melbourne and prepared their attack. After two days of leaving the miners unharmed in their stockade, heavily armed soldiers and police attacked the stockade on Sunday the 3rd of December 1854. The miners were unprepared and caught off guard; they fought with determination and courage, but were outnumbered and outgunned. Although th e miners lost the battle, ultimately the war was won. Twenty-Two of the miners were left dead, and a further 125 miners were taken prisoner, many being severely wounded. The authorities only suffered from six casualties, being police officers and troopers. An estimation of 120 miners were arrested after the Stockade, many of them being innocent. However, thirteen of them were charged with High Treason, despite the evidence against them, not a single one of the miners were found guilty. Peter Lalor, the leader of the revolt, and a few other men from the rebellion, managed to escape the scene. Lalor’s left arm which was badly wounded from gunshot wounds was eventually amputated. When Hotham’s Royal Commission Report was finally handed down it assessed all aspects of the administration on the gold fields. The report made several major recommendations including the abolition of the miners license, cuts on the amount of police, the replacement of gold commissioners and the restriction on Chinese immigration. According to Blainey, It was perhaps the most generous concession offered by a governor to a major opponent in the history of Australia up to that time. The members of the commission were appointed before Eureka they were men who were likely to be sympathetic to the diggers. Peter Lalor and the other rebels, who had escaped from the Stockade, came out of hiding after a general amnesty was proclaimed on the 9th of May 1855. Lalor then wrote a statement to the Colonists of Victoria stating, There are two things connected with the late outbreak (The Eureka Stockade) which I deeply regret. The first is, that we shouldn’t have been forced to take up arms at all; and the second is, that when we were compelled to take the field in our own defence, we were unable (through want of arms, ammunition and a little organisation) to inflict on the real authors of the outbreak the punishment they so richly deserved. In 1855 Lalor had become the first Member of the Legislative Council, for the seat of Ballarat. The miners in Ballarat were given eight representatives in Parliament. During one of Lalor’s speeches in the Legislative Council in 1856 he said, I would ask these gentlemen what they mean by the term democracy. Do they mean Chartism or Republicanism? If so, I never was, I am not now, nor do I ever intend to be a democrat. But if a democrat means opposition to a tyrannical press, a tyrannical people, or a tyrannical government, then I have been, I am still, and will ever remain a democrat. Lalor was later elected to the New Legislative Assembly in1856, and then went on to be elected Speaker of the Legislative Assembly in 1880. The Eureka Stockade influenced Australia greatly. Even though the short term benefits of Eureka were only mildly beneficial, the long term results have drastically changed and shaped Australia. The Eureka Stockade was the foundation stone of democracy in Australia, with some even arguing that Australian democracy was born at Eureka. Eureka also saw the beginning of Australia becoming its own, independent nation, without having strong ties to the British. It gave many ordinary, working-class peoples the same rights as those who were born in to wealth and power.

ERP implementation and significance in banking industry

ERP implementation and significance in banking industry The Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India (i.e., simply ICICI bank of India) is Indias 2nd largest bank (first being State Bank of India SBI) currently with total assets of value more than 3,634 billion which approximately amounts to US $ 81 billion. For the financial year ended 31st March 2010; the Net Operable Profit After Tax was found to be 40.238 billion which is approximately US $ 898 million. To achieve such a financially high value, the bank needed to have a huge network. Today, its network is one of the biggest networks in the country having 2528 corporate branches and about 6000 ATM centers across the country. It is currently present in 19 countries. Besides India (where it originated); the bank has subsidiaries in USA, UK, Singapore, Bahrain, Hong Kong etc. and representative offices in UAE, China, South Africa, Bangladesh, Thailand, Malaysia etc. The company is focussing on more and more growth and further expecting to expand its market structure. The firm i.e., ICICI Bank in the current scenario; offers an enormous wide range of banking products and various financial services to a large number of corporate and retail customers through a variety of delivery channels and through its specialised subsidiaries in the areas of investment banking, venture capital and insurance sectors. The bank today had multiple number of rewards and its innovative solutions has conquered the minds of customers and managed to win over their hearts. The companys network is the biggest and it had more than 15 million customers by the current year. The growth achieved by the company in the recent few years is noteworthy. ORGANIZATIONAL OBJECTIVES As a firm grows, it has certain challenges to face and its profitability totally depends on how it uses various available resources to safeguard itself. The best way to avoid competitors and rivalry firms from sidelining you is to continuously upgrade yourself with latest technology and market trends. The main objective of ICICI bank was to have a universal bank which can provide required value to customers with financial solutions. High technology was required and at the same time, it was necessary to have a proper framework to avoid risks associated. Since, there were various applications involved; the level of vulnerabilities needed to be checked and minimized. Key Business drivers These factors govern the way the firm should manage its business. ICICI bank was established when the economic concepts of liberalizations and globalizations just started in India. Before the arrival of ICICI bank, the banking sector was under control of several state owned and foreign owned banks. But with the arrivals of economic trend like liberalization globalization; Reserve Bank of India (then, apex bank of the nation) had paved the way for private banks to come in. The state owned banks had huge network but no or little innovation involved (focus on service) while reverse was the case with foreign banks. State owned banks focussed on only poor people and gave only simple interface without provoding any special features while foreign banks targetted individuals or corporations with high net worth. So, the only opportunity possible for ICICI bank to grab market share was to target middle class on a larger scale and that too by innovations. Doing this analysis, ICICI Bank decided to position itself as a technology savvy customer friendly bank. Problems with the existing system The existing system had many applications running simultaneously to satisfy the requirements of the customers. But those applications had several vulnerabilities and their weaknesses needed to be addressed before it gets exploited by the customers and competitors. Pravin Vohra, Group CTO, ICICI bank was tensed by the speed of online transactions and he points out that the applications arent centralized enough that makes security testing of applications a highly time consuming task. He wanted to search for proper vendor to organize the given set of applications so that all the security tests can be covered as soon as possible. The main problem was that ICICI had poor risk management and they badly needed some framework to help them assess risk. Secondly the database used in the system wasnt centralized and hence the main task in front of the industry was to have centralized database so that data access becomes simple process. Expectations from the technology Now, the challenge in front of ICICI bank was to have proper framework so that all the weaknesses are corrected at the lowest possible costs. As per words of Chandra Kochar, executive director of ICICI bank; Our objective of creating a universal bank providing end to end financial services clearly required solutions which were based on new generation technology, offered end to end functionality and were highly flexible and scalable. The main problem in the existing system was risk associated with all the applications and most of the applications at that time; needed to be tested continuously so, the bank required a software to manage the testing of all applications autonomously so that the time is not wasted in manually searching for faults and available recovery solutions. To manage proper assessment of risk associated with applications, ICICI needed to have the technology which can test applications and correct problems if possible. In order to penetrate into the market, the bank needed to have the necessary technology to make system strong and to ensure smooth flow of information within the system. The other requirements from the software in India were to have open systems approach, future proof excellent technology and best of breed retail etc. ICICI wanted to achieve economies of scale. Further more, ICICI wanted to have a centralized database to support all applications going on and needed a solution which can boost up its infrastructure in friendly manner. IMPLEMENTING THE ERP TECHNOLOGY ICICI bank had positioned itself as a technology focussed industry. Most of its plants facilities were on the verge of automation and this was mandatory to achieve customer satisfaction and to rival the foreign firms. Selecting the vendor The company had some requirements in front of them and their job was to analyze which vendor would satisfy their requirements. So, they went through brochures of various Application developers and studied software requirements. After studying various features offered by different vendors they decided to shortlist 2 vendors Finacle Core Banking Solution by Infosys and SAP by IBM. ICICI then finalized Fiancle Core Banking solution because it was segmented for financial institutions only. They took Finacle because of its specificity made it suitable for banks, secondly Finacles future proof technology, and extensive corporate banking features, scalable architecture, best of breed retail made it a technology worth selecting. Some of the key technological features offered by Infosys Finacle were: Advizor Helps Banks to deliver services through a self service channel Alerts Provides banks with the capability to alert end users about updates and new services Consumer Relationship Management CRM is a modular, multi lingual application to help bank to have centralized database containing all the customer information want. Core Banking CBS addresses various strategic and key technological processes taking place in a bank. It checks faults associated and corrects them. Direct banking This marketing tool helps banks to directly acquire, track and service customers. E banking Provides high flexibility for customization and robust security features Mobile banking Empowers banking transactions on mobile channels like SMS or GPRS Wealth Management Modular and integrated investment management system for specific purpose Operational data store Data warehouse centralized and secured. Treasury Finacle is an integrated treasury solution covering the entire deal lifecycle for broad range of trading and capital markets products. The major advantage was that Finacle offered so many features at comparative lesser costs compared to other similar technolnogical products. Keeping these many wide and industrial applicable features in mind, the technological software solution used was Finacle and the vendor was Infosys. Problems faced during the beginning The implementation of any technology cannot be successful right from the beginning as risks are involved. The 1st step involved is to make this technological change understandable by humans and hence the challenge was in front of ICICI was to ensure proper training to their employees. For that purpose, special officials were employed. Training were given to employees right from the day when technology was deployed. This was a key step in maintaing vendor relationships. Integrating this technological change with the existing system is the major hurdle which is to be overcomed. The biggest challenge which Finacle had was to ensure Straight Through Processing (known as STP in corporate segment) of various financial transactions. With the ICICI group having many companies under its huge corporate umbrella. Finacle had to integrate with various corporate wide applications like Credit Card, M banking, mutual funds, brokerage, call center and other applications taking place simultaneously. ICICI bank went with a phase of organic and inorganic growth to expand market share. First it bought out Bank of Madurai and then had a reverse merger with parent firm i.e., ICICI limited. Therefore, managing with the technology change was a hurdle for the bank. To overcome this obstacle, ICICI decided to have a strategic partnership with the software vendor i.e., Infosys. That strategic partnership started in 1994 and that close collaboration in 1997 led to many innovations. Getting the benefits during the end Once the problems with the implementation are identifed and corrected via proper planning toolkits, the success and benefits are guaranteed. The major advantage with Finacle was that it was a scalable and open system architecture and this made it a successful implementation. In 2000 only 400, 000 transactions while this figure was more than 2 million in 2005 years so, popularity of the bank drastically increased in only 4 years. The risks associated with people, process and technology was managed and this made ICICI a profitable firm. In 1997, ICICI was the first bank to ensure electronic banking. This made ICICI establish itself as the leader in the e commerce segment. The main advantage of using Finacle was that only 25 % routine transaction take place through branches and remaining through various delivery channels. http://www.infosys.com/finacle/Images/icici_cs_img1.gif Fig: Finacle offering various services in ICICI. Thus, the use of Finacle has helped ICICI in cutting costs and time and managing automatically various transactions that take place on a day to day basis. As shown above, ICICI managed to penetrate into various market segments by the enormous features offered by Fiancle. Today, most of the transactions take place at the bank center by its various distribution channels and not at the branches. CONCLUSIONS After studying the given case, it can be understood that what role the technological advances play in growt A powerful of a bank. A highly scalable and flexible technology platform is essential for organizations to manage growth and compete successfully. Such a software is Finacle. Fiancle, a leading IT Core Banking Solution has helped ICICI achieving its objectives across the network. Though ICICI faced certain problems and challenges in the beginning, they managed to win in the end. Thus, investing in technology helped ICICI get rich dividends. The bank has successfully used the Finacle and has managed to successfully deploy the solution in the areas of core banking, consumer driven e-banking (Electronic B 2 C segment), direct banking, corporate e-banking (Electronic B 2 B segment) and Customer Relationship Management. Thus, Finacle guaranteed flexibility to achieve proper segmentation. This helped ICICI in growing its market and having some edge over the competition. because of its high trust on technology, ICICI Bank is recognized as a leader in the region and has won a large number of awards worldwide for its technology-driven initiatives. The bank has used core technology as a strategic differentiator, thus redefining the rules of banking in India and additionally also showing how technology can do some good in transforming a banks business.